In Vitro Evaluation of the Toxicological Profile and Oxidative Stress of Relevant Diet-Related Advanced Glycation End Products and Related 1,2-Dicarbonyls

Figure 6

Cell death by apoptosis after incubation with 1,2-dicarbonyls. (a) Annexin-V and 7-AAD fluorescence was measured by flow cytometry. One representative experiment is shown. (b) Percentage of apoptotic cells in the cell culture. Positive cells for Annexin V and for both Annexin V and 7-AAD were considered apoptotic. (c) Cell viability upon coincubation with MGO and the apoptosis inhibitor Q-VD-OPh. (d) Cell viability recovers after coincubation with apoptosis inhibitor Q-VD-OPh. A representative micrograph for each condition is shown. For each condition, micrographs shown in the first row were taken at 100x original magnification, and micrographs in the second row were taken at 400x original magnification. Arrows indicate blebs. Here, cell treatments consisted of 1 mM 3-DG, 750 μM 3-DGal, 75 μM 3,4-DGE, 1 mM GO, and 500 μM MGO. Results are expressed as (). vs. CON, vs. no 1,2-dicarbonyl.

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