Neuroprotective Effects of Palmatine via the Enhancement of Antioxidant Defense and Small Heat Shock Protein Expression in Aβ-Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans

Figure 1

Inhibition of Aβ-toxicity of palmatine in transgenic C. elegans. (a) Chemical structure of palmatine. (b) Food clearance. Synchronized wild-type worms were cultured at 20°C in a 96-well plate with or without palmatine at different concentrations. The absorbance (at 570 nm) was detected daily for six days using a microplate reader. The results were displayed as from 5 parallel wells. (c) Body length. Synchronized wild-type worms were cultured at 20°C in NGM plates with or without palmatine at different concentrations for two days. The results were displayed as of approximately 100 worms. Statistical analysis was carried out with a one-way ANOVA. ns: no significant difference; . (d) The experimental flowchart in Aβ-transgenic CL2006 and CL4176 nematodes. (e) The paralytic assay of CL2006 nematodes. Synchronized L1-stage worms were cultured with or without palmatine for 45 h at 15°C and upshifted to 20°C for inducing Aβ peptide expression. The fraction of paralytic worms was counted every day until all were palsied. (f) The paralytic assay of CL4176 nematodes. Synchronized L1-stage worms were cultured for 36 h at 15°C in NGM plates with or without palmatine and upshifted to 23°C for inducing Aβ peptide expression. The fraction of paralytic worms was counted every 2 h until all were palsied. The results were displayed as Kaplan-Meier survival curves and analyzed by using a log-rank test.

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