Neuroprotective Effects of Palmatine via the Enhancement of Antioxidant Defense and Small Heat Shock Protein Expression in Aβ-Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans

Figure 2

The effects of palmatine on the ROS level, oxidative stress, and lifespan. (a) The effects of palmatine on ROS in the AD model CL4176 strain. Synchronized L1-stage CL4176 worms were cultured with or without palmatine (0.2 mM) for 36 h at 15°C and then cultured at 23°C for another 36 h. These worms were collected and homogenized, and then, the lysate was used for detection of the ROS level. The curve is from a single experiment (values are , ). (b) Oxidative survival assay in wild-type nematodes. L4-stage wild-type nematodes (approximately 100 for each group) were pretreated with or without palmatine at 20°C for 24 h and then treated with 75 mM paraquat, and the fraction of survival was scored every 12 h until all dead. (c) Lifespan assay in wild-type nematodes. L4-stage wild-type worms were put into a 96-well plate at the density of 15–20 individuals/well in 100 μL of culture medium (≈100 worms/group) and administered with or without palmatine (0.2 mM). The fraction of alive worms was counted every two days until all deaths. The results were displayed as Kaplan-Meier survival curves and analyzed by using a log-rank test.

(a)

(b)

(c)