Food-Origin Mycotoxin-Induced Neurotoxicity: Intend to Break the Rules of Neuroglia Cells

Figure 5

Molecular mechanisms of mycotoxin-induced neurotoxicity in neuroglia cells: (i) ROS and RNS were accumulated in oxidative stress damage; (ii) mitochondrial function was impaired, aggravating ATP depletion and calcium imbalance; (iii) the ability to buffer transmitters such as glutamate was inhibited, inducing neural defects; (iv) the viability of glial cells was decreased, cell proliferation was inhibited at the G0/G1 stage, and the release of proinflammatory factors changed dramatically, resulting in apoptosis or necrosis; (v) the activation of the p53 pathway, MAPK pathway, JAK/STAT pathway, and AKT pathway is involved in mycotoxin-induced apoptosis.