Empagliflozin Enhances Autophagy, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Antioxidant Defense and Ameliorates Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion in Nondiabetic Rats

Figure 7

The effect of empagliflozin on mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, and apoptosis in renal I/R injury. I/R injury downregulated PGC-1α (^&&&) and TFAM (^&). Empagliflozin upregulated PGC-1α (), while it did not alter the expression level of TFAM. I/R injury was associated with a significant decrease in the bcl2/bax ratio (^&&&&) and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio (^&&&&). Treatment with empagliflozin markedly increased the bcl2/bax ratio () and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio ().