ROS: Basic Concepts, Sources, Cellular Signaling, and its Implications in Aging Pathways

Figure 4

Crosstalk of ROS and the hallmarks of aging. The excessive production of ROS, a consequence of a redox imbalance, alters important physiological processes and increasing the susceptibility to numerous age-related diseases. Among those mechanisms include inflammation, cell death, bioenergetic failure, telomere attrition, deregulated autophagy, loss in proteostasis, proliferation, epigenetic alterations, and senescence.