Sepsis-Induced Brain Dysfunction: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Table 1

Suggested biomarkers to monitor sepsis-induced brain dysfunction.

Biomarkers	Significance	Location
C-reactive protein (CRP) and Procalcitonin (PCT)	Higher CRP levels indicated prolonged acute brain dysfunction [149]	Plasma
C-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proCNP)	High-peak concentration of NT-proCNP in the early phase of sepsis could predict SAE [150]	Plasma
IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and S-100β	Negatively associated with delirium free days [151]	Plasma
Neurofilament (Nf)	Nf could predict poorer cognitive outcome in SAE patients [151]	Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma
Adiponectin, Tau, and neopterin	Significantly higher in patients with delirium [152]	Plasma