Anthocyanin Encapsulated Nanoparticles as a Pulmonary Delivery System

Figure 9

Schematic illustration of the HB-CMC nanoparticle formation and its cytoprotective effect in lung epithelial cells in vitro and bioavailability in mice lungs after nose-only inhalation. (a) CMC polymers make cross-links (1) between each other (NH₃⁺—COO^-), (2) with Ca²⁺ (COO^-—Ca²⁺—COO^-), and (3) with C3G (COO^-—C3G and NH₃⁺—C3G) during ionic gelation. (b) HB-CMC protects against carcinogen-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress and induces antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPx in BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells. (c) The slightly acidic pH in airway surface liquid and cytoplasm of lung cells slow the C3G release rate from HB-CMC in the lung tissues leading to prolonged retention of intact C3G than from the free HB. References are cited in the text. The Biorender free software was used to draw the illustrations.