|
| Papaver species | Country | Internal/external usage | References |
|
| P. argemone L. | Iran | Flower (headache, coughs) | Naghibi et al. [23] |
| P. bracteatum Lindl. | Iran | Flowers, leaves, seeds (hypnotic and sedative, respiratory tract infections, sore throat, food digestion, eyelid inflammation, spasm, rheumatism pains) | Farouji and Khodayari [24] |
| P. dubium L. | Turkey | Flower (colds, cough) | Altundaga and Ozturkb [25]; Çakılcıoğlu et al. [26] |
| P. lacerum Popov | Turkey | Buds (goiter) | Altundaga and Ozturkb [25] |
| P. lateritium K. Koch | Turkey | Flower (sedative, antitussive, bronchial, hypnotic) | Akbulut and Bayramoglu [27] |
| P. macrostomum Boiss. & A.Huet | Turkey | Flower (cough) | Altundaga and Ozturkb [25] |
| P. orientale L. | Turkey | Seed (laxative); leaf (asthma) | Altundaga & Ozturkb [25] |
| P. rhoeas L. | Turkey | Herb (sedative); fruit, seed (gastrointestinal diseases)
External usage: aerial part (red spots on body); fruit (burns); seed (dermal diseases, wound) | Altundaga and Ozturkb [25]; Çakılcıoğlu et al. [26]; Polat and Satıl [28]; Ugulu [29];
Yipel et al. [30] |
| Italy | Fruit, young shoot (sedative, hypnotic); young aerial part (depurative); leaf, flower (mental-nervous, hypnotic, mild sedative for child, cough) | González-Tejero et al. [31]; Mattalia et al. [32]; Naghibi et al. [23]; Pieroni, [33];
Pieroni and Quave [34]; Scherrer et al. [35]; Vitalin et al. [36]; |
| Algeria | Aerial part (respiratory diseases) | Gonzalez-Tejero et al. [31] |
| Cyprus | Aerial part (nervous/mental conditions, digestive) | Gonzalez-Tejero et al. [31] |
| Spain | Aerial part (respiratory diseases) | Gonzalez-Tejero et al. [31] |
| Iran | Seed, capsule (antidiabetic); flower (addiction, sedative, hypnotic) | Bahmani et al. [37]; Nadaf et al. [38] |
| P. somniferum L. | Turkey | Fruit, seed (gastrointestinal, nervous and respiratory diseases) | Yipel et al. [30] |
| Italy | Fruit, seed (tranquiliser, toothaches) | Pieroni and Quave [34] |
| India | Seed (demulcent, spasmolytic, muscle catch, tonic); fruit (cough, diarrhea)
External usage: leaf (swelling) | Jadnav [39]; Dar et al. [40]; Goyal [41]; Tayade and Patil [42] |
| Pakistan | Herb (narcotic, stimulant, to increase performance, cough suppressant); fruit, leaf (analgesic, narcotics); seed (narcotic, analgesic, sedative, increases excitement and physical vigor) | Adnan et al., [43]; Alamgeer et al. [44]; Irfan et al. [45]; Ullah et al. [46] |
| Korea | External usage: fruit, latex, stem (furuncle) | Kim and Song [47] |
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