Papaver Plants: Current Insights on Phytochemical and Nutritional Composition Along with Biotechnological Applications

Table 2

Alkaloids characterized in Papaver rhoeas L. and Papaver somniferum L. by mass spectrometry in different locations. Adapted from [181].

Name	Formula	Mass (Da)	MS/MS fragments ()	Alkaloid type	PR (R)	PR (SK)	PS
DL-Demethylcoclaurine	C16H17NO3	271.12	107.05, 255.10, 161.06, 143.05	Benzylsioquinoline	+	+	+
Coclaurine	C17H19NO3	285.14	107.05, 269.12, 175.07, 237.09	Benzylsioquinoline	+	+	+
Tetrahydropapaverine	C20H25NO4	343.18	192.10, 189.09, 151.08, 327.16	Benzylsioquinoline	-	-	+
Reticuline	C19H23NO4	329.16	192.10, 137.06, 143.05, 175.07	Benzylsioquinoline	+	+	+
Corytuberine	C19H21NO4	327.15	265.09, 237.09, 297.11, 205.06	Aporphine	+	+	+
Tetrahydrocolumbamine	C20H23NO4	341.16	178.09, 163.06, 176.07	Protoberberine (THPB)	-	-	+
Scoulerine	C19H21NO4	327.15	237.09, 207.04, 211.08, 239.07	Protoberberine (THPB)	-	-	+
L-Tetrahydropalmatine	C21H25NO4	355.18	192.10, 165.09, 176.07	Protoberberine (THPB)	+	-	+
Tetrahydroberberine (canadine)	C20H21NO4	339.15	176.07, 149.06, 174.05	Protoberberine (THPB)	+	-	+
Berberine	C20H18NO4	336.12	320.09, 292.10, 321.10, 306.08, 278.08	Protoberberine	+	+	+
Stylopine	C19H17NO4	323.12	176.07, 149.06	Protoberberine (THPB)	+	+	+
Dihydrosanguinarine	C20H15NO4	333.10	318.08, 319.08, 304.10, 276.10	Benzophenanthridine	+	+	+
Sanguinarine	C20H14NO4	332.09	317.07, 274.09, 304.10	Benzophenanthridine	+	-	-
Protopine	C20H19NO5	353.13	188.07, 189.08, 149.06	Protopine	+	+	+
Allocryptopine	C21H23NO5	369.16	188.07, 189.08, 290.09	Protopine	+	-	-
Morphine	C17H19NO3	285.14	201.09, 229.08, 185.06, 211.07	Morphinan	-	-	+
Mecambrine	C18H17NO3	295.12	202.09, 171.07, 280.10	Proaporphine	-	-	+
Codeine	C18H21NO3	299.15	215.11, 243.10, 225.09, 199.07	Morphinan	-	-	+
(S)-N-Methylcoclaurine	C18H21NO3	299.15	269.12, 107.05, 271.13	Benzylisoquinoline	+	+	+
Armepavine	C19H23NO3	313.17	107.05, 58.07, 269.12, 271.13, 298.11	Benzylisoquinoline	+	+	+
(S)-3-Hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine	C18H21NO4	315.15	192.10, 123.04, 285.11, 300.12	Benzylisoquinoline	+	+	+
(S)-Cheilanthifoline	C19H19NO4	325.13	178.09, 190.09, 163.06	Protoberberine	+	+	+
Papaverine	C20H21NO4	339.15	202.09, 324.12, 296.13, 171.07	Benzylisoquinoline	-	-	+
Cryptopine	C21H23NO5	369.16	352.12, 205.11, 165.09, 190.09	Protopine	+	+	+
Noscapine	C22H23NO7	413.15	220.10, 353.10, 365.10, 179.07	Phthalide isoquinoline	+	-	+
Codeinone	C18H19NO3	297.14	283.12, 282.11, 254.12, 266.12	Morphinan	+	-	-
Morphine N-oxide	C17H19NO4	301.13	284.13, 241.09	Morphinan	-	-	+
Flavinantine	C19H21NO4	327.15	178.09, 163.06	Morphinandienone	-	-	+
8,14-Dihydroflavinantine (or salutaridinol)	C19H23NO4	329.16	285.11, 123.04, 58.07, 143.05	Morphinan	+	+	+
(S)-cis-N-Methylstylopine	C20H20NO4	338.14	191.09, 190.09, 149.06	Protoberberine	+	+	-
Isocorydine	C20H23NO4	341.16	297.11, 265.09, 237.09	Aporphine	+	+	+
Pseudoprotopine	C20H19NO5	353.13	188.07, 189.08, 149.06	Protopine	+	+	-
Amurensinine N-oxide A (or amurensinine N-oxide B)	C20H21NO5	355.14	190.06, 191.09, 277.09, 151.08	Isopavine	+	+	+
Rheagenine (or isorheagenine)	C20H19NO6	369.12	352.12, 340.13, 324.12	Rhoeadine	+	+	-
Rhoeadine (or isorhoeadine)	C21H21NO6	383.14	321.08, 303.06, 291.07, 366.13	Rhoeadine	+	+	-
Glaucamine (or isoglaucamine)	C21H23NO6	385.15	368.15, 338.10	Rhoeadine	+	+	-
Coptisine	C19H14NO4	320.09	292.10, 277.07, 290.08, 318.08, 262.09	Protoberberine	+	+	+

PR: Papaver rhoeas; PS: Papaver somniferum; THPB: tetrahydroprotoberberine; RS: Russia; SK: South Korea; univocally identified through comparison with standards.