Papaver Plants: Current Insights on Phytochemical and Nutritional Composition Along with Biotechnological Applications
Table 3
Cytotoxicity of the Papaver genus.
Species/extract name
Design/model
Key effects
Countries
References
P. somniferum L. Lead and iron oxide nanoparticles
In vitro study HepG2 cell lines
(i) PbO NPs showed higher cytotoxicity (20.9%) as compared to Fe2O3 NPs (38.5%) (ii) The cytotoxicity of whole plant extract (57.6%) was lower than both NPs
(i) Two compounds, namely, tyrosol-1-O-β-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-glucopyranoside) (I) and 5-O-(6-O-α-rhamnopyronosyl-β-glucopyronosyl) mevalonic acid (II), were isolated from this species (ii) Both compounds exhibited modest cytotoxic effect, μM and 54 μM, respectively (iii) In silico study showed that protein-tyrosine kinase Syk and aldo-keto reductase family-1 were the targets, respectively
P. nudicaule L. (nudicaulin and derivatives) Methanol–water
In vitro study HeLa, HUVEC and K-562 cell lines
(i) Synthetic nudicaulin derivatives 6–11 showed high antiproliferative activity against HUVEC and K-562 cells (ii) Derivative compounds showed significant cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells
In vitro study HCT116, MCF7, HaCaT, and NCM460 cell lines
(i) The compounds stylopine, canadine, sinactine, berberine, and epiberberine and the raw extract showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect. The highest activity was found for compound berberine against all cell lines (HCT116: μM; MCF7: μM; HaCaT: μM; NCM460: μM)
(i) Berberine and macranthine were the most active alkaloids in all 13 compounds (ii) Dose-dependent studies were applied and revealed IC50 values of 12.08 μg/mL (HeLa) and 71.14 μg/mL (Vero) for berberine, and 24.16 μg/mL (HeLa) and IC50 of >300 μg/mL (Vero) for macranthine
P. somniferum L. Hexane, methanol, and ethyl acetate
In vitro study HT29, HeLa, C6 cells, and Vero cell lines
(i) The inhibitory effects of the leaf, root, stem, and capsule extracts were shown on cancer cell lines (ii) The extracts were able to destroy cellular membrane in tumor cell lines at high concentrations (iii) Stem ethyl acetate extract exhibited strong anticancer activity on all cell lines, with IC50 values ranged from 119 to 391 μg/mL), depending on the plant part and solvent
(i) The plant extract was found to produce outstanding dose-dependent cytotoxicity in terms of μg/mL (ii) The dose concentration of 100 and 1000 μg/mL produced high cytotoxicity as 83.3% and 96.7% lethality, respectively
P. rhoeas L. n-Hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol
In vitro study Brine shrimp eggs
(i) Dichloromethane and methanol extracts showed significant toxicity activity in brine shrimp lethality assay in terms of LC50 24 and 26 μg/mL, respectively
