|
| Species/extract name | Microbial strains | Key results | Assay | Country | References |
|
P. somniferum L.
Hexane, methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate extract | Bacillus cereus MTCC 430 | 0.14 mm ZOI | Disc-diffusion | India | [111] |
| Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 3160 | 2.00 mm ZOI |
| Escherichia coli MTCC 40 | 0.10 mm ZOI |
| Salmonella typhi MTCC 3224 | 0.13 mm ZOI |
| Aspergillus niger MTCC 281 | 3.00 mm ZOI |
| Aspergillus oryzae MTCC 624 | 3.00 mm ZOI |
| Aspergillus flavus MTCC 227 | 1.50 mm ZOI |
| Penicillium chrysogenum MTCC 6795 | 2.00 mm ZOI |
P. pseudocanescens M. Pop
Ethanol extract | Poliovirus type 1 (LSc-2ab) | 21.4-49.7 μM IC50 | — | Bulgaria | [114] |
| Human rhinovirus type 14 (HRV-14) | 65-199 μM IC50 |
P. rhoeas L.
Methanol, ethanol, water, and alcoholic-water extract | Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 | — | Disc-diffusion | Serbia | [70] |
| Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 | 12-18 mm ZOI |
| Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 | 17-24 mm ZOI |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 | 11-20 mm ZOI |
| Salmonella abony NCTC 6017 | — |
| Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 | 13-26 mm ZOI |
| Candida albicans ATCC 10231 | — |
P. somniferum L. bee pollen
Ethanol extract | Penicillium citrininum | 4-5 mm ZOI | Disc-diffusion | Slovak | [116] |
| Penicillium crustosum | 4-9 mm ZOI |
| Penicillium expansum | 1-4 mm ZOI |
| Penicillium brevicompactum | 1-3 mm ZOI |
| Penicillium chrysogenium | — |
| Enterobacteriaceae | 6-7 mm ZOI |
| Staphylococcus sp. | 5-6 mm ZOI |
P. argemone L. subsp. davisii
Petroleum ether, diethyl ether, chloroform, acetone, and ethanol extract | Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 65538 | 39-625 (μg/mL) MIC | Microbroth dilutions | Turkey | [113] |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 | 312-1250 (μg/mL) MIC |
| Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 | 1250 (μg/mL) MIC |
| Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 4352 | 1250 (μg/mL) MIC |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | 625-1250 (μg/mL) MIC |
| Proteus mirabilis ATCC 14153 | 1250 (μg/mL) MIC |
| Candida albicans ATCC 10231 | 312-625 (μg/mL) MIC |
P. clavatum Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss
Petroleum ether, diethyl ether, chloroform, acetone and ethanol extract | Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 65538 | 78-156 (μg/mL) MIC | Microbroth dilutions | Turkey | [113] |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 | 312-625 (μg/mL) MIC |
| Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 | 312-625 (μg/mL) MIC |
| Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 4352 | — |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | — |
| Proteus mirabilis ATCC 14153 | 625 (μg/mL) MIC |
| Candida albicans ATCC 10231 | 625 (μg/mL) MIC |
P. dubium subsp. lecoqii var. lecoqii
Petroleum ether, diethyl ether, chloroform, acetone, and ethanol extract | Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 65538 | 9-1250 (μg/mL) MIC | Microbroth dilutions | Turkey | [113] |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 | 312-625 (μg/mL) MIC |
| Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 | 1250 (μg/mL) MIC |
| Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 4352 | 625-1250 (μg/mL) MIC |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | 625-1250 (μg/mL) MIC |
| Proteus mirabilis ATCC 14153 | 625-1250 (μg/mL) MIC |
| Candida albicans ATCC 10231 | 625 (μg/mL) MIC |
P. rhoeas L.
Petroleum ether, diethyl ether, chloroform, acetone and ethanol extract | Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 65538 | 39-156 (μg/mL) MIC | Microbroth dilutions | Turkey | [113] |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 | 156-625 (μg/mL) MIC |
| Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 | 625-1250 (μg/mL) MIC |
| Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 4352 | — |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | — |
| Proteus mirabilis ATCC 14153 | 625 (μg/mL) MIC |
| Candida albicans ATCC 10231 | 625 (μg/mL) MIC |
P. somniferum L.
Aqueous and ethanol extract | Fusarium solani | 13-20 mm ZOI | Paper disc | Pakistan | [112] |
| Rhizoctonia solani | 15-24 mm ZOI |
| Macrophomina phaseolina | 15-22 mm ZOI |
| Fusarium solani | 18-25 mm ZOI | Well method |
| Rhizoctonia solani | 15-24 mm ZOI |
| Macrophomina phaseolina | 21-29 mm ZOI |
P. macrostomum Boiss. & A.Huet
Petroleum ether, diethyl ether, chloroform, acetone, and ethanol extract | Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 | 1-14 mm ZOI | Disc-diffusion | Turkey | [67] |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 | 5-32 mm ZOI |
| Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 | 1-7 mm ZOI |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 1539 | 2-9 mm ZOI |
| Proteus mirabilis ATCC 14153 | 1-16 mm ZOI |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352 | 1-6 mm ZOI |
| Candida albicans ATCC 10231 | 3-6 mm ZOI |
| Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 | 5 mm ZOI |
| Candida guilliermondii KUEN 998 | 6 mm ZOI |
| Candida tropicalis KUEN 1021 | 2-4 mm ZOI |
| Candida pseudotropicalis KUEN 1012 | 5 mm ZOI |
| Candida krusei ATCC 6258 | 1-4 mm ZOI |
P. decaisnei Hochst. & Steud. ex Elkan
Methanol extract | Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 | Non-significant | Microbroth dilutions | Iran | [117] |
| Candida albicans ATCC 10231 | - |
| Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 | Non-significant |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031 | - |
| Morganella morganii PTCC 1078 | - |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 4027 | Non-significant |
| Salmonella typhi PTCC 1185 | - |
| Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737 | - |
P. rhoeas L.
Ethyl alcohol extract | Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 | + | Microbroth dilutions | India | [118] |
| Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 | + |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763 | + |
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