Carica papaya L. Leaves: Deciphering Its Antioxidant Bioactives, Biological Activities, Innovative Products, and Safety Aspects

Table 2

Medicinal potential of Carica papaya L. leaf extract against virus-induced thrombocytopenia.

Treatment	Results	References
Mature C. papaya leaf concentrate (0.72 mL/100 g bw of adult Wistar rats) administered for 3 days	(i) Increase in platelet count without toxicity in rats; (ii) Increase in platelets by 76.50%, WBC by 30.51%, and RBCs by 9.08%	[57]
Fresh C. papaya leaf extract (0.2 mL (2 g)/mouse) for twenty-one days	(i) Increment in the platelet and the RBC count.; (ii) The platelet count reached almost a fourfold higher at day 21 () and RBC count in the test group increased from to at the end of treatment.	[7]
C. papaya extract (150 mL) daily to dengue patient for five days	(i) Increase in no. of in thrombocytes ( to ) and white blood cells BC () in a dengue adult patient	[52]
Administration of 500 mg papaya leaf extract capsules on daily basis along with supportive medical treatment for five days to patients	(i) Increment in platelet count; (ii) Third day onwards platelet count showed significantly positive results in the study group () than control (). This trend of significant difference was the same on the fourth and fifth day of their studies.; (iii) Average platelet transfusion requirement in the study group was significantly less than the control group (0.685 units per patient vs. 1.19 units per patient)	[59]
Carpaine extracted from C. papaya leaf (2 mg/kg BW of thrombocytopenic Wistar rats) for twenty days	(i) Isolated carpaine from C. papaya leaf extract exhibited potent activity in sustaining normal platelet counts without acute toxicity.	[60]
Aqueous extract of C. papaya leaves (one spoonful of leaf paste) extract on dengue-infected children for two days	(i) Increase in number of a platelet count of dengue-infected children of age 10 and 14; (ii) After one-day administration, platelet count was 100,000 and within 2 days count reached up to 250,000	[61]
Aqueous extract of C. papaya leaves (25 mL) twice a day for two days	(i) Significant increase in the platelet an white blood cell count after 2 days of treatment	[62]
Standardized C. papaya leaf aqueous extract (50 and 150 mg/kg BW of Wistar rats) for two weeks	(ii) Oral administration showed a significant increase in thrombocytes (1014.83 cells/mm^3), DTH response (0.16), and phagocytic index (63.15% increase)	[63]
C. papaya leaf extract capsules (290 mg) dose daily twice in thrombocytes postchemotherapy cancer patients for five days	(i) After 5 days, the mean increase in platelet counts from to	[64]
Administration of papaya leaf extract (1.1 g) to total five hundred patients suffering from thrombocytopenia three times daily for five days	(i) A significant increase in counts of platelets were noticed in the study group.	[65]
Treatment of infected mice with 1000 mg/kg bw of FCPLJ (freeze-dried C. papaya L. leaf juice content) for four days	Increase in the number of total white blood cell and neutrophil counts by 1.44-fold.	[66]