|
Treatment | Effect on cancerous cells | References |
|
Aqueous isolate of C. papaya leaves (1.25–27 mg/mL) | (i) Exhibited an effective anticancer property on cancer cell lines (stomach cancer cell line (AGS), pancreatic cancer cell line (Capan-1), colon cancer cell line (DLD-1), ovarian cancer cell line (Dov-13), lymphoma cell line (karpas), breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) (ii) Suppressed DNA synthesis by inhibiting the incorporation of 3H-thymidine | [70] |
Aqueous extract of C. papaya leaves (0.625–20 mg/mL) | (i) Inhibition of proliferative responses of haematopoietic cell lines and solid tumour cell lines (ii) Increase in the expression of immune modulatory genes | [36] |
Brewed leaf juice (20 mg/mL) | (i) Effective antiproliferative activity against cancerous cells of the prostate (ii) Suppression of SCC25 cells growth in a dose-dependent manner (iii) Survivability of 20% SCC25 cells, and 70% cancer-free human keratinocyte HaCaT cells remained viable with a dose of 20 mg/mL | [37] |
Aqueous C. papaya leaf extract (659.63 μg/mL) | (i) Antiproliferative and apoptotic induced effect of papaya leaf inhibits the proliferation of human breast cancer cell (ii) Leaf extract exhibited apoptosis of MCF-7 cell line (22.54%) | [76] |
Papaya leaf juice and its various extracts (0.25–0.1 mg/mL) | (i) Effective antiproliferative activity against cancerous cells of the prostate (ii) Potent growth inhibitory and cytotoxic activities on all prostate cells except the normal (RWPE-1 and WPMY-1) cells (iii) Medium polar fraction inhibited migration and adhesion of metastatic PC-3 cells | [77] |
C. papaya leaf juice (0.01-1 mg/mL) in prostate epithelial cancer cells, benign tumor, and human prostate cancer cells | (i) Decrease the cancer cell proliferation (ii) Arrest the S phase cell cycle (iii) Induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells | [7] |
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with papaya leaf extract (0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 μg/mL) at 24 h and 48 h on human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. | Reduction in cell proliferation and subsequent apoptosis of human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. | [78] |
|