Carica papaya L. Leaves: Deciphering Its Antioxidant Bioactives, Biological Activities, Innovative Products, and Safety Aspects

Table 5

In vivo studies on the medicinal potential of Carica papaya L. leaf extract against diabetes.

Treatment	Results	References
The ethanolic aqueous extract of C. papaya (100 mg/kg) with water given to streptozotocin-induced diabetics for five days.	(i) Reduced glucose levels in the blood at the end of the fifth day of treatment.; (ii) A great regeneration of the tissues of the liver.; (iii) The tissues of kidney indicated a great recovery in the cuboidal tissue	[89]
The aqueous extract of C. papaya (0.75 g and 1.5 g/100 mL) for one month	(i) Delay in attaining the maximum plasma concentrations of amiodarone, extract and amiodarone increased the drug bioavailability; (ii) Significant elevation in serum glucose levels (434.0 mg/dL) in comparison to the untreated rats; (iii) Significant decrease in blood glucose levels up to 306.00 10.2 mg/dL	[90]
Aqueous extract of C. papaya leaf extract (400 mg/kg BW of diabetic albino rats) for twenty-one days	(i) Significant reduction in blood glucose level and serum lipid profile levels due to antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic properties.; (ii) Leaf extract showed 38.19 per cent reduction in the blood glucose level after completion of treatment	[91]
Ethanolic extract of C. papaya leaves (250-500 mg/kg BW of alloxan-induced diabetic rats) for twenty-one days	(i) Significant reduction in glucose level (123.50 mg/dL), total cholesterol, triglyceride (1.24 mg/dL), and serum urea (12.35 mg/dL).; (ii) Significant increase in HDL cholesterol and total protein level (66.51 g/dL).; (iii) Significant decrease in LDL cholesterol, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase.	[92]
Ethanolic leaf extracts of C. papaya, i.e., 50, 150 and 300 mg/kg BW of diabetes-induced mice.	(i) Good effects on plasma insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL cholesterol levels; (ii) Hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats after taking various doses of C. papaya extract	[87]
Aqueous extract of C. papaya leaf (120 mg/kg BW of albino rats) for eighteen days	(i) Significantly reduced glucose level from 275.00 to 85 mg/dL, total cholesterol from 117.70 to 98.50 mg/dL, total glycerides from 107.10 to 97.21 mg/dL, and LDL from 49.44 to 44.01 mg/dL	[93]
The administration at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight of papaya leaf ethanol extract in diabetic Wistar mice.	Reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic Wistar mice	[94]