Carica papaya L. Leaves: Deciphering Its Antioxidant Bioactives, Biological Activities, Innovative Products, and Safety Aspects

Table 6

Medicinal potential of Carica papaya L. leaf extract as neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial herbal medicine.

Treatment	Results	References
Ethanolic extract of C. papaya leaves (25–200 mg/kg), carrageenan-induced paw oedema, cotton pellet granuloma, and formaldehyde-induced arthritis rats for ten days	(i) Reduction in inflammation and in carrageenan-induced paw edema, granuloma (cotton pellet induced) in arthritic mice; (ii) Significant decrease in the amount of granuloma from 0.58 to 0.22 g	[99]
Aqueous C. papaya extract (0.625–2.5 mg/mL) in infected human beings	(i) Increment in protein content and also increased production of antibodies against ovalbumin; (ii) Exhibited anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities at higher doses; (iii) Leaf extract exhibited a decrease in gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial count and proliferation rate.	[100]
Alcoholic C. papaya leaf extract 200-400 mg/kg BW of male Wistar rats for forty-two days	(i) Neuroprotective effect of C. papaya leaves on an animal model; (ii) Denoted a significant elevation in the level of acetylcholine, SOD, glutathione, and catalase and great reduction in total proteins	[101]
Methanol and aqueous extracts of C. papaya leaves (25 mg/mL–100 mg/mL).	Inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans	[19, 102]