T Lymphocyte-Derived Exosomes Transport MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 and Induce NOX4-Dependent Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Figure 1

CD4-exosomes induce oxidative stress in cMVECs. Panel (a) shows quantification and representative NTA analysis of exosomes produced by resting and activated CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, . values calculated with Student’s -test. Panels (b)–(e) demonstrate effect of CD4-exosomes (CD4 Exo) on cMVEC’s total ROS levels (b), , mitochondrial ROS generation (c), , NO levels (d), , peroxynitrite levels (e), , and cell proliferation (f), , in the presence or absence of apocynin. , , and calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD post hoc test versus control group or for indicated groups.

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