T Lymphocyte-Derived Exosomes Transport MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 and Induce NOX4-Dependent Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Figure 8

Exosomes isolated from inflamed hearts induce oxidative stress in cMVECs. Panel (a) shows representative microphotographs of CD3 staining in hearts of healthy controls and mice at day 19 of EAM. . Panel (b) represents quantification of exosomes isolated from hearts of healthy mice (Ctrl Exo) and hearts of mice at day 19 of EAM (EAM Exo), . Panel (c) shows relative changes in levels of total ROS, mitochondrial ROS, and NO in cMVECs in response to 16 h of incubation with Ctrl Exo or EAM Exo in presence or absence of apocynin (Apo), . Panel (d) shows representative microphotographs of PKH26-stained exosomes (red) bound to cMVECs after 16 h of incubation. Representative immunoblots and quantification of selected proteins in cMVECs stimulated for 16 hours with exosomes obtained from healthy or inflamed hearts are presented in panel (e). Protein levels were normalized to beta tubulin, and phosphorylated proteins were additionally normalized to their respective nonphosphorylated forms, . , , , and calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD post hoc test versus control group or for indicated groups.

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