Protective Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on the Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response, and Apoptosis in the Hepatocytes of Salmonella Gallinarum-Challenged Young Chicks

Figure 1

Experimental design. A total of 90 specific pathogen-free (SPF) day-old chicks were purchased and acclimatized for three days. The flock was divided into three groups, each with 30 chicks, i.e., control group (CON), challenge group (SG), and treatment group (SG+CA). At day 4 or 0 day postinfection (0 DPI), normal saline in the CON group, S. gallinarum in the SG group, and cinnamaldehyde in the SG+CA group were administered. Cinnamaldehyde in SG+CA was injected till 3 DPI. On day 5 (1 DPI), day 7 (3 DPI), and day 9 (5 DPI), blood samples were collected from 10 chicks (in each group) and euthanized on the respective days to collect liver samples.