Protective Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on the Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response, and Apoptosis in the Hepatocytes of Salmonella Gallinarum-Challenged Young Chicks

Figure 4

Effect of cinnamaldehyde on the expression levels of hepatic inflammation-related genes in chickens infected with S. gallinarum. (a–f) Relative mRNA level of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, NF-κB, and MYD-88) and (g–i) anti-inflammatory genes (IL-8, IL-10, and iNOS) in the chicken hepatocytes of control (CON) group, challenge (SG) group and treatment (SG + CA) group at 1, 3, and 5 DPI. Data are expressed as the of three independent experiments. Significances were determined by nonparametric test ().

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