Protective Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on the Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response, and Apoptosis in the Hepatocytes of Salmonella Gallinarum-Challenged Young Chicks

Figure 7

Antiapoptotic properties of cinnamaldehyde in the chicken hepatocytes challenged with S. gallinarum. (a) Hepatocytic reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, (b) activity of caspase-3, (c) ATP concentration, (d) cytochrome c concentration released in the cytosol, (e) flow cytometry results of JC-1 analysis to estimate mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm), and (f) percentage of JC-1 aggregates in the mitochondrial matrix of the chicken hepatocytes in the CON, SG, and SG+CA groups. Data are expressed as the of three independent experiments. Significances were determined by nonparametric test (). Note: when the mitochondrial membrane potential is high, JC-1 aggregates in the mitochondrial matrix and forms a polymer, which can produce red fluorescence and is received by the FITC channel. When the mitochondrial membrane potential is low, JC-1 could not aggregate in the mitochondrial matrix. At this time, JC-1 exists as a monomer and produce green fluorescence, which is received by the PE channel.

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