Clinical Evidence of Acetyl-L-Carnitine Efficacy in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Clinical Trial

Table 6

Comparison of the changes of the serum levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers at baseline and 3 days after treatment between the 2 groups.

Variable	Group	Baseline,	72 h after treatment	Mean difference	value
CAT	ALC				0.04
	Placebo				0.67
	value	0.68	0.15	0.35	—
GPX	ALC				0.02
	Placebo				0.18
	value	0.81	0.01	0.09	—
MDA	ALC				0.74
	Placebo				0.91
	value	0.80	0.60	0.84	—
NO	ALC				0.04
	Placebo				0.17
	value	0.51	0.19	0.51	—
SOD	ALC				<0.001
	Placebo				0.40
	value	0.80	0.01	0.01	—
TAC	ALC				<0.001
	Placebo				0.37
	value	0.70	0.02	0.04	—
TTG	ALC				0.10
	Placebo				0.46
	value	0.66	0.69	0.44	—
IL-6	ALC				0.02
	Placebo				0.08
	value	0.12	0.02	0.35	—
NSE	ALC				<0.001
	Placebo				0.77
	value	0.77	0.27	0.03	—
TNF-α	ALC				0.001
	Placebo				0.43
	value	0.92	0.04	<0.001	—
ICAM-1	ALC				0.001
	Placebo				0.72
	value	0.28	0.03	0.003	—
Total L-carnitine	ALC				<0.001
	Placebo				0.81
	value	0.11	0.03	<0.001	—

Note: ALC = acetyl-L-carnitine; SD = standard deviation; TTG = total thiol groups; TAC = total antioxidant capacity; MDA = malondialdehyde; NO = nitric oxide; CAT = catalase activity; GPX = glutathione peroxidase; TNF = tumor necrosis factor-alpha; SOD = superoxide dismutase; IL6 = interleukin-6; ICAM-1 = intercellular adhesion molecule-1; NSE = neuron-specific enolase. The significant value is shown in bold type.