Ketone Body β-Hydroxybutyrate Prevents Myocardial Oxidative Stress in Septic Cardiomyopathy

Figure 1

Ketone bodies protected the hearts against LPS-induced acute myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction. (a). Blood β-OHB levels in Con, LPS, and mice ( per group). (b). The levels of ketone bodies (β-OHB; AcAc) in the Con, LPS, and hearts ( per group). (c). Representative echocardiography images of the Con, LPS, and hearts ( per group). (d–f) Cardiac function was indicated by ejection fractions (EF) (d), shortening fraction (FS) (e), and cardiac output (CO) (f) ( per group). (g and h) The levels of CK-MB (g) and LDH (h) in the plasma samples ( per group). (i) Representative images of hematoxylin and eosin- (H&E-) stained left ventricle tissue sections ( per group). Scale  μm. Con, Control; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; and KE, ketone ester. Data are presented as the . Statistical comparisons were conducted by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (a, b, d, e, f, g, and h). The exact values were reported for the indicated comparisons, and was considered statistically significant. , , , and for the indicated comparisons. ns: no significant difference.

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