| miRNA | Regulation | Model | Target gene and signal pathway | Reference | Patients | In vivo | In vitro | Rat | Mouse | Macrophage | Fibroblast | Alveolar epithelial cell |
| miR-21/21-5p | Up | √ | √ | √ | | | | | [69–72] | miR-96/96-5p | Up | √ | √ | | | | | | [68, 73–75] | miR-107-3p | Up | √ | | | RAW264.7 | | | miR-107-3p can inhibit the expression of chordin and its downstream BMP-2, SMAD1/5/9, and ID-1, which is related to the activation of TGF-β signaling pathway. | [76–78] | miR-122-5p | Up | √ | | | RAW264.7 | | | | [74–78] | miR-125a-5p | Up | √ | | | RAW264.7 | IMR-90 | | (1) miR-125a directly inhibited the expression of hnRNP K and EZH2 (2) miR-125a-5p can promote the proliferation and apoptosis of NIH/3T3 and promote the occurrence of fibrosis | [68, 74, 75] | miR-132-3p/132-5p/212-3p/212-5p | Up | | √ | | | | | | [71] | miR-155/155-3p | Up | √ | √ | | | | | | [69, 71] | miR-291a-3p/291b | Up | | √ | | | | | | [71] | miR-292-3p/292-5p | Up | | √ | | | | | | [71] | miR-293-5p | Up | | √ | | | Rat primary lung fibroblasts | | | [71, 79] | miR-320a/320b/320c | Up | √ | | | | | | | [80] | miR-335-5p | Up | √ | | | RAW264.7 | | | | [76–78] | miR-466b-2-3p/466b-3p/466b-4-3p/466b-5p | Up | | √ | | | | | | [71] | miR-743a-3p/743b-3p/743b-5p | Up | | √ | | | | | | [71] | miR-26a/26a-5p/26b | Down | | √ | | | | | | [72, 73] | miR-27b-5p | Down | √ | | | RAW264.7 | | | | [76–78] | miR-34a-5p/34c-3p/449a | Down | √ | √ | √ | | NIH/3T3, MRC-5 | A549 | miR-34a-5p may play a potential role in inhibiting EMT by inhibiting SMAD4. | [72, 81–84] | miR-99a/99a-5p | Down | √ | √ | | | | | | [73, 80] | miR-101/101a | Down | | √ | | NR8383 | | | Overexpressed miRNA-101 in BMSCs can inhibit ATG4D by regulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress of NR8383 cells, and effectively inhibit the autophagy of macrophages caused by silica. | [73, 85–87] | miR-140/140-5p | Down | √ | √ | | | | | | [73, 80] | miR-149 | Down | √ | | √ | | | A549, HBE | Overexpressed miR-149 can inhibit the expression of IL-6 in vitro. | [88, 89] | miR-151a-3p | Down | √ | | | | | | | [68, 74, 75] | miR-181b | Down | | √ | | NR8383 | | | | [73] | miR-222 | Down | √ | | | | | | | [88, 90] | miR-326 | Down | | | √ | | | A549, HBE | (1) miR-326 inhibited pulmonary inflammation by targeting TNFSF14 in silica-treated lung epithelial cells (2) miR-326 promoted autophagy activity by targeting PTBP1 in TGF-β–stimulated MRC-5 cells and NIH/3T3 cells models | [91] | miR-370-3p | Down | | √ | | | Rat primary lung fibroblasts | | | [71, 79] | miR-379-3p/379-5p | Down | | √ | | | | | | [71] | miR-409-3p/409a-5p | Down | √ | √ | | | | | | [68, 71, 73–75] | miR-411-3p/411-5p | Down | | √ | | | Rat primary lung fibroblasts | | (1) miR-411-3p effectively reduced the progression of silicosis or fibroblast fibrosis by regulating the expression of MRTFA in vivo and in vitro (2) miR-411-3p could inhibit the expression of SMURF2 and reduce the ubiquitination degradation of SMAD7 regulated by SMURF2, thereby blocking the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway and alleviating silicosis pulmonary fibrosis by stimulating the primary lung fibroblasts of rats with TGF-β | [71, 79] | miR-486-5p | Down | √ | | √ | | NIH/3T3 | | miR-486-5p could bind to SMAD2 and participate in the process of pulmonary fibrosis through TGF-β signaling pathway. | [70] | miR-489 | Down | | | √ | RAW264.7, THP-1 macrophages | NIH/3T3, MRC-5 | | (1) miR-489 inhibited the expression of MyD88, IL-1β, and TGF-β in mice and macrophages (2) miR-489 inhibited total SMAD3 and p-SMAD3 levels and alleviated pulmonary fibrosis in mice and fibroblasts | [92, 93] | miR-503 | Down | | | √ | | | A549, HBE | miR-503 was adsorbed by lncRNA-MALAT1 and downregulated miR-530, increased PI3K and p85, and promoted EMT by regulating the PI3K/AKT/SNAIL signaling pathway. | [94, 95] | miR-542-5p | Down | | | √ | | NIH-3T3, MRC-5 | | Overexpressed miR-542-5p inhibited ITGA6, which in turn inhibited the phosphorylation of FAK/PI3K/AKT and alleviated fibrosis. | [96] | miR-1193-3p | Down | | √ | | | Rat primary lung fibroblasts | | | [71, 79] | Let-7a-3p/let-7a-5p/let-7d/let-7d-3p/let-7d-5p/let-7f/let-7i-5p | Down | √ | √ | | | IMR-90 | A549 | (1) Let-7a-5p has four target genes: BCL2L1, FAS, MAPK8, and IGF1R (2) The downregulated let-7d in A549 cells can increase the expression of HMGA2 and promote EMT | [68, 73–75, 97] | miR-16/16-2-3p/16-5p | Discord | √ | | | | | | | [69, 80] | miR-22/22-5p | Discord | √ | √ | | | | | | [73, 80] | miR-25/25-3p | Discord | √ | √ | | | | | | [73, 80, 88] | miR-29a/29b/29b-3p/29c | Discord | √ | √ | | | | A549, RLE-6TN | miR-29b attenuated or even reversed the EMT process induced by silica in vivo and in vitro experiments. | [69, 72, 73, 89, 98] | miR-30a/30c/30c-2-3p/30d/30e | Discord | √ | √ | | RAW264.7 | | | | [73, 76–78] | miR-126/126a-5p | Discord | √ | √ | | RAW264.7 | | | | [73, 76–78] | miR-146a/146b/146b-3p/146b-5p | Discord | √ | √ | | NR8383 | | | | [68, 71, 73–75] | miR-200a-5p/200b/200b-3p/200c/200c-3p | Discord | √ | √ | | | | A549, Beas-2B | miR-200c was adsorbed by lncRNA-ATB to release ZEB1 and promote the occurrence of EMT. | [89, 98–101] | miR-204 | Discord | √ | √ | | | | | | [69, 73] | miR-300-3p/300-5p | Discord | | √ | | | | | | [71, 73] | miR-423-3p/423-5p | Discord | √ | √ | | | | | | [68, 72, 74, 75] |
|
|