| Category | Proinflammatory factors | Reference |
| Physical factors | Radiation, UV, hyperthermia, hypothermia, trauma | [70, 71] | Chemical factors | Asbestos, heavy metals, organic toxicants, lipopolysaccharides, dust | [72–74] | Biological factors | Bacterial infection, virus infection, fungal infection | [75, 76] | Unhealthy lifestyle | Smoking, alcohol, high-calorie diet, stress, sedentary lifestyle | [77–79] | Chronic diseases | Obesity, diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperglycemia | [80–82] | Pathologic tissues | Apoptotic cells, ischemia, hypoxia | [83, 84] | Anaphylaxis | Allergens, autoimmune diseases | [85, 86] |
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