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| Author (year) | Title | Summary |
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| A Shierk et al. (2016) | Review of therapeutic interventions for the upper limb classified by manual ability in children with cerebral palsy | There was some form of improvement in the hands using various intervention techniques but only in MAC levels II and III. |
| Extensive studies are required in levels IV and V [70]. |
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| Atefehaboutorabi et al. (2017) | Efficacy of ankle foot orthoses types on walking in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review | Specific types of orthosis improve ankle and knee range of motion, walking speed, and stride length in CP children. The reduced energy expenditure was found to be effective in improving stride length, speed of walking, single limb support, and gait symmetry; it also helped in decreasing energy expenditure of hemiplegic CP as compared with the barefoot condition. Further studies are required for better evidence regarding this [71]. |
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| Anna Alves Pinto (2016) | The case for musical instrument training in cerebral palsy for neurorehabilitation | The study inferred that playing musical instruments may help produce plastic changes in the brain for developing skills of CP children [72]. |
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| Adam T C Booth et al. (2018) | The efficacy of functional gait training in children and young adults with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Functional gait using a treadmill with little body weight support helps present an upright posture and improves gait. The authors suggested that virtual reality and biofeedback improve function [73]. |
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| Ali Reza Jamali (2018) | The effects of constraint-induced movement therapy on functions of cerebral palsy children | The therapeutic effect of CIMT is independent of age and gender, but its effect on muscle tone and protective extension is yet to be investigated [48]. |
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| Atefehaboutorabi et al. (2017) | Efficacy of ankle foot orthoses types on walking in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review | Specific types of orthosis improve ankle and knee range of motion, walking speed, and stride length in CP children. They reduce energy expenditure and were found to be effective in improving stride length, speed of walking, single limb support, and gait symmetry; it also helped in decreasing energy expenditure of hemiplegic CP as compared with the barefoot condition. Further studies are required for better evidence regarding this [74]. |
|
| Alexendermaclntosh et al. (2019) | Biofeedback interventions for individuals with cerebral palsy: a systematic review | Biofeedback interventions will help improve movement patterns in cerebral palsy children; however, poor quality and quantity studies are hindering finding the actual efficacy of the technique [65]. |
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| Ana Paula Salazar et al. (2019) | Neuromuscular electrical stimulation to improve gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis | NMES improves gross motor function in children with CP. However, it was found effective to improve GMFM-sitting and standing dimensions but not GMFM-walking dimensions; however, the literature found was of low quality [75]. |
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| Anna Tevelde (2019) | Early diagnosis and classification of cerebral palsy: an historical perspective and barriers to an early diagnosis | A timeline of calls for early diagnosis is described in the paper. Reduction of age for diagnosis and factors that cause difficulty in diagnosis are evaluated [76]. |
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| Cihanuyanik et al. (2022) | Brainy home: a virtual smart home and wheelchair control application powered by brain-computer interface | BCI is being used as a smart technology in normal settings; however, it is very rarely used in disabled populations. This study is done in a virtual setup among the disabled population and reveals that it will be an effective means of improving communication and functional status among this population shortly in the real world [77]. |
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| David Graham (2019) | Current thinking in the health care management of children with cerebral palsy | This paper focuses on early diagnosis and treatment to be an effective management strategy for CP. It also discusses various techniques of management like oromotor stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and functional classification of CP children [37]. |
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| Ewelina Matusiak-Wieczorek et al. (2019) | The influence of hippotherapy on the body posture in a sitting position among children with cerebral palsy | Hippotherapy has a positive effect on head position, arm function, and trunk control in mild cerebral palsy children. The study concluded that hippotherapy has a positive influence on body posture and the function of different body structures in sitting positions [78]. |
|
| Eli Kinney-Lang et al. (2022) | Advancing brain-computer interface applications for severely disabled children through a multidisciplinary national network: summary of the inaugural pediatric BCI Canada meeting | BCI helps children with disabilities to communicate with their thoughts, and those who are cognitively sound children can benefit from this new technology. However, as this is a young field, very fewer studies are done, so it is recommended that various researches using BCI shall be conducted in different populations and different geographical locations [79]. |
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| Hussein ZA et al. (2019) | Effect of simultaneous proprioceptive-visual feedback on the gait of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy | A 3 times/week treatment for 2 months with simultaneous proprioceptive and visual feedback resulted in significant differences in spatial and temporal parameters of gait; however, there were fewer effects on kinetic gait parameters [80]. |
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| Hongyuchen et al. (2016) | A review of wearable sensor systems for monitoring body movements of neonates | The study focuses mainly on the use of wearable sensors for body movements for detecting body movements in very young children as movements in babies give an idea about the level of brain development and brain damage [81]. |
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| Irene Mall et al. (2017) | Functional electrical stimulation of the ankle dorsiflexors during walking in spastic cerebral palsy: a systematic review | FES can be a helpful adjunct as a replacement for orthosis in lower limbs of cerebral palsy children though it needs extensive studies in the future for improving the state of spastic muscles [82]. |
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| Iona Novak et al. (2017) | Early, accurate diagnosis and early intervention in cerebral palsy: advances in diagnosis and treatment | Diagnosis and prediction of cerebral palsy age have been reduced from 12 months to as low as 5 months using various advances like HINE, PQAGM, and MRI [83]. |
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| Jakub Mlodawsk et al. (2019) | Cerebral palsy and obstetric-neonatological interventions | Various strategies to prevent brain damage before birth were discussed along with a focus on risk factors during delivery and after delivery. Indications of hypothermia are explained in detail [84]. |
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| Jing Zhang (2017) | Multivariate analysis and machine learning in cerebral palsy research | This study briefs out the use of machine learning and multivariate analysis in predicting developing brain damage. Its future implications include detecting and management of cerebral palsy using the same [85]. |
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| Joao Pedroproenka (2017) | Serious games for upper limb rehabilitation: a systematic review | The study found that computer games are an emerging technique to improve upper limb function in cerebral palsy children; however, extensive search is required to improve its efficacy [86]. |
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| Jessica Rose et al. (2017) | Artificial walking: technologies to improve gait in cerebral palsy: multichannel neuromuscular stimulation | The study focuses on the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation as it has much more benefits than traditional medical and surgical techniques to improve the walking pattern of hypertonic CP children [87]. |
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| Jun Wang et al. (2018) | Effect of suspension exercise training on motor and balance functions in children with spastic cerebral palsy | Motor functions and balance improve with suspension exercise training in plastic cerebral palsy [88]. |
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| Jyoti Upadhyay (2020) | Cerebral palsy: aetiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic interventions | Common causative agents of cerebral palsy before, during, and after delivery are discussed, and the use of a new technology called electrical stimulation to improve muscle strength along with deep brain stimulation is on the verge of therapy for CP patients [8]. |
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| Li Hua Jin et al. (2020) | The effect of robot-assisted gait training on locomotor function and functional capability for daily activities in children with cerebral palsy: a single-blinded, randomized cross-over trial | RAGT improves walking ability and improves the activities of daily living. Better effects were seen in children who can walk with support [89]. |
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| Michael T Clarke et al. (2016) | Augmentative and alternative communication for children with cerebral palsy | This study throws light on the use of AAC strategies using sign language and various other ways to improve communication and language among speech and learning impaired cerebral palsy children [20]. |
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| Masahito Mihara et al. (2016) | Review of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in neurorehabilitation | This review concluded that NIRS is an emerging investigation tool and needs further follow-ups to use it as a therapeutic modality [90]. |
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| Mary M Rodgers et al. (2019) | Wearable technologies for active living and rehabilitation: current research challenges and future opportunities | Wearable technologies are being used to improve functional status. However, it is used for a short period in all the evident studies. This study urges to find the efficacy of these devices when used for a longer duration. There are certain barriers in this context such as the ability to use and comfort status of the wearable [91]. |
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| Mahindra Rana et al. (2017) | A systematic review on etiology, epidemiology, and treatment of cerebral palsy | Various classifications of CP are discussed. Factors that lead to brain damage and their prevention along with recent technological advances are focused on [14]. |
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| Moshe Stavsky et al. (2017) | Cerebral palsy—trends in epidemiology and recent development in prenatal mechanisms of disease, treatment, and prevention | The occurrence of CP has been stable for the last two decades, and the paper has discussed various strategies to prevent brain damage in the developing period. They also discussed the effects of various recent techniques [7]. |
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| Neha A. Parikh et al. (2019) | Early detection of cerebral palsy using sensorimotor tract biomarkers in very preterm infants | The use of biomarkers to evaluate the presence of brain damage is an effective technique as discussed in this paper [5]. |
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| Peter Wilson et al. (2016) | Integrating new technologies into the treatment of CP and DCD | The study discussed the effect of advanced techniques like virtual reality and its impacts on developmental disorders like CP and DCD [92]. |
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| Petra Karlsson (2022) | Brain-computer interface is a potential access method for communication in non-verbal children with cerebral palsy: a state-of-the-art review | This study focuses on the fact that BCI is a promising technology that is emerging very rapidly in the literature, and cerebral palsy children will be largely benefited from this technological advancement. |
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| Qi Wang et al. (2017) | Interactive wearable systems for upper body rehabilitation: a systematic review | Wearable systems are important for various neurological disorders. They use sensors, accelerometers, and inertial measurement units for measuring improvement parameters in the upper limb [92]. |
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| Rocco Salvatore Calabro et al. (2016) | Robotic gait rehabilitation and substitution devices in neurological disorders: where are we now | This study has discussed in detail various robotic rehabilitation techniques that are used for various neurological cases including cerebral palsy to improve their walking abilities [93]. |
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| Shahshanchen et al. (2016) | Toward pervasive gait analysis with wearable sensors: a systematic review | This paper focuses on wearable sensors for the evaluation of gait kinetics and kinematics as the existing technologies like OGA and force plates are costly and need expertise [94]. |
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| Sonika Agarwal et al. (2021) | Cerebral palsy and rehabilitative care: the role of home-based care and family-centered approach | Home-based physiotherapy programs, telemedicine, and video monitoring of home-based therapies are found to be effective among these children [95]. |
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| Stanislava Klobucká et al. | Effect of robot-assisted gait training on motor functions in adolescent and young adult patients with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial | The robot-assisted gait training regimen is more effective than conventional therapy in terms of improvements in gross motor functions in adolescent and adult patients with bilateral spastic CP [96]. |
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| Tony W. Wilson et al. (2016) | Neuroimaging with magnetoencephalography: a dynamic view of brain pathophysiology | This study focuses on the use of MEG in processing neural information of the brain and to find out the abnormal neural information processing in cerebral palsy cases along with other neurological cases. It also implicates future studies in this context [97]. |
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| Wei-Peng Teo (2016) | Does a combination of virtual reality, neuromodulation, and neuroimaging provide a comprehensive platform for neurorehabilitation? – A narrative review of the literature | The study focuses on the use of VR in combination with various other recent technologies for improving its effect on CP children. The study urges larger studies in the same context [98]. |
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| Yupigchen et al. (2018) | Effectiveness of virtual reality in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | The review found VR to be an effective technology in comparison to other techniques to improve movement in cases of brain damage [68]. |
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| Chen and Howard (2016) | Effects of robotic therapy on upper-extremity function in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review | Various components of hand function improved using the robotic therapy; however, more studies are required with larger cohorts [99]. |
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| Zeannajadavji et al. (2021) | Can children with perinatal stroke use a simple brain-computer interface? | BCI is an emerging and promising technology that can help individuals with brain damage. Future studies are directed toward the effect of BCI among unilateral stroke due to early brain damage [100]. |
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| Zhong-Yue Lv et al. (2020) | Progress in clinical trials of stem cell therapy for cerebral palsy | Stem cells from human umbilical cord blood are the most common followed by bone marrow, fetal brain, adipose, and peripheral blood. Autologous stem cells are preferred for children with CP. Greater improvement was seen in younger children between 10 months and 10 years old. Lumbar puncture and intravenous injection are mostly used to insert the stem cells. Gross motor function and cognition abilities improve better with this treatment [101]. |
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