The Antioxidant Properties of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Its Biochemical, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Pathological Effects on Nicotine-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Rat Liver

Figure 4

Microscopic view of animal liver tissue in the groups (H&E staining, ×400 magnification). C group: the structure of the liver is normal (a). N group: severe hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes (thick arrows), central vein congestion (star), and Kupffer cell proliferation (narrow arrow) are shown (b). T1 group: severe hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes (thick arrow) and central vein congestion (star) are observable (c). T2 group: mild-to-moderate hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes (thick arrow) and central vein congestion (star) are seen (d). T3 group: mild hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes (thick arrow) is shown (e). Scores of hydropic vacuolation of hepatocytes (f), Kupffer cell proliferation (g), and central vein congestion and dilation of sinusoids (h) are displayed. Each column represents the (). and . α, β, and γ compared to the C, N, and T1 groups, respectively.

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