Rutin and Quercetin Counter Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Toxicity in Wistar Rats via Their Modulatory Effects on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Nrf2

Scheme 2

Schematic figure showing the mechanisms of action of rutin and quercetin to counter DXR hepatotoxicity via oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis suppression and antioxidant defense mechanism promotion through the Nrf2 signaling pathway. DXR: doxorubicin; Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; ARE: antioxidant response element; Nrf2: nuclear factor E2-related factor 2; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TNFR: tumor necrosis factor-α receptor.