Rutin and Quercetin Counter Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Toxicity in Wistar Rats via Their Modulatory Effects on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Nrf2
Table 5
Histological lesion scores of liver in normal rats and in rats injected with DXR (without and with the supplementation of rutin and/or quercetin).
Histopathological changes
Score
Normal control
DXR-injected control
DXR-injected group treated with rutin
DXR-injected group treated with quercetin
DXR-injected group treated with rutin and quercetin
Inflammation
0
6 (100.00%)
2 (33.33%)
4 (66.66%)
5 (83.33%)
6 (100.00%)
I
—
2 (33.33%)
2 (33.33%)
1 (16.66%)
—
II
—
2 (33.33%)
—
—
—
III
—
—
—
—
—
Necrosis
0
6 (100.00%)
—
4 (66.66)
6 (100.00%)
6 (100.00%)
I
—
3 (50.00%)
2 (33.33%)
—
—
II
—
1 (16.66%)
—
—
—
III
—
2 (33.33%)
—
—
—
Activated apoptosis
0
6 (100.00%)
2 (33.33%)
5 (83.33%)
6 (100.00%)
6 (100.00%)
I
—
2 (33.33%)
1 (16.66%)
—
—
II
—
2 (33.33%)
—
—
—
III
—
—
—
—
—
Vacuolization of hepaocytes
0
6 (100.00%)
—
2 (33.33%)
4 (66.66)
5 (83.33%)
I
—
1 (16.7%)
—
1 (16.66%)
—
II
—
1 (16.7%)
2 (33.33%)
—
1 (16.66%)
III
—
4 (66.66)
2 (33.33%)
1 (16.66%)
—
Clear cells of hepatocytes
0
6 (100.00%)
2 (33.33%)
6 (100.00%)
6 (100.00%)
6 (100.00%)
I
—
2 (33.33%)
—
—
—
II
—
2 (33.33%)
—
—
—
III
—
—
—
—
—
Karyomegaly of hepatocytic nuclei
0
6 (100.00%)
2 (33.33%)
5 (83.33%)
6 (100.00%)
6 (100.00%)
I
—
1 (16.66%)
1 (16.66%)
—
—
II
—
1 (16.66%)
—
—
—
III
—
2 (33.33%)
—
—
—
Number of animals in each group is 6. 0: means absence of lesion; I: means mild; II: means moderate; and III: means severe. The % in brackets is the percentage of animals in every assigned grade.
