Understanding the Protective Role of Exosomes in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity

Figure 3

The mechanisms of EXOs against DIC involved in antiapoptosis, antisenescence, and antioxidative stress. TSC: trophoblast stem cell; TSC-EXO: exosome derived from trophoblast stem cell; MSC: mesenchymal stem cell; MSC-EXO: exosome derived from mesenchymal stem cell; YAP: yes associated protein; Zeb1: zinc finger E-box-binding protein 1; Sp1: specificity protein 1; EV: extracellular vesicle; PNUTS: phosphatase 1 nuclear targeting subunit; ATG4a: autophagy-related genes 4a; Sirt2: silent information regulator 2; CPC: cardiac progenitor cell; CPC-EXO: exosome derived from cardiac progenitor cell; NOX4: NADPH oxidase 4; Rac1: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1.