Nutraceutical Profiling, Bioactive Composition, and Biological Applications of Lepidium sativum L.

Table 6

Antimicrobial activities of different extracts of L. sativum.

Extract/concentration	Control drug used	Microorganisms	Agar well diffusion method/agar disc diffusion method ZI (mm); control drug (ZI)	MIC/MBC (mg/mL)	Regions	References
Chloroform extract (100 mg/mL)	Gentamicin	Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhi; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Bacillus cereus; Micrococcus luteus	NZ; 22; NZ; 24; NZ; 21; 10; 25; NZ; 28; 11; 27	NT	India	[128]
Ethyl acetate extract (100 mg/mL)	Gentamicin	Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhi; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Bacillus cereus; Micrococcus luteus	14; 22; NZ; 24; NZ; 21; 18; 25; NZ; 28; 16; 27	NT
Methanol extract (100 mg/mL)	Gentamicin	Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhi; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Bacillus cereus; Micrococcus luteus	14; 22; 13; 24; 14; 21; 22; 25; 16; 28; 16; 27	6.25/25; 25/ND; 6.25/25; 1.56/6.25; 6.25/25.0; 12.5/ND
Dichloromethane extract (100 mg/mL)	Gentamicin	Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhi; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Bacillus cereus; Micrococcus luteus	NZ; 22; NZ; 24; NZ; 21; NZ; 25; NZ; 28; 10; 27	NT
Petroleum ether extracts (2.5%)	Gentamicin/ Ketoconzol	Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Candida albicans	25; 32; 25; 32; 26; 35; 21; 34; 18; 32; 32; 33	NT	Sudan	[129]
Methanolic extract (2.5%)	Gentamicin/Ketoconzol	Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Candida albicans	15; 32; 17; 32; 16; 35; 18; 34; 17; 32; 9; 33
Aqueous extract (10%)	Gentamicin/ Ketoconzol	Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Candida albicans	NZ; 32; 19; 32; 17; 35; 19; 34; 16; 32; 21; 33
Ethanolic extract (1 mg/mL)	Not mentioned	Staphylococcus aureus; Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella Enteritidis; Escherichia coli; Serratia marcescens	10; 10; 20; 12; 7	NT	Egypt	[54]
Methanol extract (1 mg/mL)	Not mentioned	Salmonella Enteritidis; Serratia marcescens	15; 9
Methanol extract (100 mg/mL)	Gentamicin/ nystatin	Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Bacillus subtilis; Candida albicans; Aspergillus niger	14; 32; 13; 35; 13; 29; 14; 17; 20; 20	NT	Sudan	[130]
Ethanol extract (50 mg/mL)	Vancomycin	Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa	22.63; 18; 10; NA	NT	Ethiopia	[131]
Methanol extract (50 mg/mL)	Vancomycin	Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa	22.37; 18; 9; NA
Chloroform extract (50 mg/mL)	Vancomycin	Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa	10.67; 18; 11.33; NA
Ethyl acetate extract	Erythromycin	Rhodococcus equi	15.5; 23	NT	Morocco	[18]
Methanolic extract	Chlorophénicol	Rhodococcus equi	13.15; 34
Petroleum ether extract	Ciprofloxacine	Rhodococcus equi	10.35; 30
Ethanol extract	Not mentioned	Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella pneumonia; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pyogenes; MβL, P. aeruginosa; ESβL, E. coli; MRSA; MDR S. pyogenes	NT	12.5/25; 6.25/12.5; 3.13/3.13; 6.25/6.25; 50/50; 25/25; 12.5/12.5; 12.5/25; 100/50	Egypt	[132]
Acetone extract	Not mentioned	Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella pneumonia; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; MβL, P. aeruginosa; ESβL, Klebsiella pneumonia; ESβL, E. coli; MRSA		25/25; 12.5/25; 6.25/12.5; 3.13/6.25; 25/50; 12.5/12.5; 12.5/25; 12.5/25
Aqueous extract	Not mentioned	Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; E. coli MRSA		25/25; 6.25/6.25; 6.25/12.5; 12.5/25
n-Butanol extract	Not mentioned	Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sen.); Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-res.); Enterococcus faecalis	NT	5; 4; 4; 4; 3.5	Algeria	[64]

Abbreviations: NZ: no zone of inhibition; NA: not applicable; NT: not tested; MBC: minimum bactericidal concentration; MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration.