| | Metal oxide nanoparticles | Physical, chemical properties | Potential applications in medicine (tested in vitro/in vivo) | Biomedical and life science applications (in use and commercial products) | References |
| | Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) | Catalyst, high thermal and mechanical stability, high corrosion resistance, and high melting point. | Drug delivery. | — | [18] | | Copper oxide (CuO) | Catalyst, high-temperature superconductors. | Anticancer treatment. | Antimicrobial coating agents. | [2, 11] | | Iron oxide (α-Fe2O3, γ-Fe2O3, and Fe3O4) | Superparamagnetic and magnetic hyperthermia properties, catalyst. | Antibacterial agent, drug delivery, anticancer treatment (photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, and magnetic hyperthermia therapy), and theragnostic (near-infrared imaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and ultrasound imaging). | Iron-deficient anemia treatment (Venofer®, Feraheme®, and Rienso®). | [2, 19] | | Solid tumor treatment (NanoTherm®). | | Magnetic resonance imaging (in liver: Feridex I.V.®, Endorem®, and Resovist®; in gastrointestinal: Gastromark™ and Lumirem®; and in blood pooling: Supravist®). | | Magnesium oxide (MgO) | High ionic character, catalyst, and semiconductor. | Antibacterial agent, anticancer treatment (hyperthermia therapy), and tissue engineering. | Antimicrobial agents (in food industry). | [2, 18] | | Nickel oxide (NiO) | Catalyst, magnetic properties, and high electrochemical stability. | Anticancer treatment (cytotoxic properties). | — | [11] | | Silica dioxide (SiO2) | Low density. | Antibacterial agent, drug and gene delivery, anticancer treatment, and biosensor. | Additive in drugs, cosmetics. | [2, 11, 13, 20] | | Titanium oxide (TiO2) | Semiconductor, photocatalyst, and high chemical stability. | Anticancer treatment (photodynamic, photothermal, sonodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, and radiotherapy), theragnostic (bioimaging), drug delivery, and tissue engineering. | UV-A, UV-B radiation filter (in sunscreens, cosmetics). | [2, 8, 11, 19, 20] | | Antimicrobial agents (in food packaging, biomedical devices, and dentistry & orthopedic implants). | | Zinc oxide (ZnO) | Semiconductor, photocatalyst, high chemical stability, large exciton binding energy, and high isoelectric point. | Anticancer treatment (photodynamic, photothermal, and sonodynamic therapy), theragnostic (bioimaging), drug delivery, and tissue engineering. | UV-A, UV-B radiation filter (in sunscreens, cosmetics). | [2, 4, 9, 11] | | Antimicrobial agents (in toothpaste, dentistry implants, food packaging, and as food additive). |
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