Effects of Dietary Protein Level on the Microbial Composition and Metabolomic Profile in Postweaning Piglets

Figure 4

High casein concentration influenced biomarker metabolites in piglets. PLS-DA and OPLS-DA of microbial metabolites in colonic contents from piglets fed LP and HP. The (a) PLS-DA score plot is in negative ion mode. The (b) OPLS-DA score plot is in negative ion mode. The (c) PLS-DA score plot is in negative ion mode, and (d) the OPLS-DA score plot is in positive ion mode in different protein treatments. Validation plot of OPLS-DA model in (e) negative ion model and in (f) positive ion mode in the HP protein group. (g) Analysis of metabolic pathway enrichment. An overview of the metabolites that were shown to be abundant in piglets fed the HP diet compared to the LP diet.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)