Harpagophytum procumbens Inhibits Iron Overload-Induced Oxidative Stress through Activation of Nrf2 Signaling in a Rat Model of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Figure 4

Harpagophytum procumbens (HP) attenuates inflammation by regulating M1/M2 status in lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) model rats. (a) Representative immunohistological images of CD68 (green)-positive macrophages at 1 and 3 weeks after LSS induction and HP administration. White  μm; red  μm. (b) Number of cells positive for CD68 in the sagittal spinal cord. (c and d) ELISA analysis of IL-6 and IL-10 at 1 week after LSS and HP administration. (e and f) Proinflammatory-related gene expression analyzed in spinal cord tissue after LSS induction and HP administration in rats, at 1 and 3 weeks; (e) TNF-a and (f) IL-6. (g and h) Anti-inflammatory-related gene expressions analyzed with spinal cord tissue after LSS and HP administration at 1 and 3 weeks; (g) IL-10 and (h) Arg1. Data are expressed as the . Significant differences are indicated as ^#, ^##, ^###, and ^#### vs. the sham group, , , , and vs. the control group were analyzed via one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test.

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