Protective Effect of Natural Medicinal Plants on Cardiomyocyte Injury in Heart Failure: Targeting the Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Mitophagy

Figure 5

Regulatory mechanism and function of TFEB in mitochondrial autophagy. TFEB is an important transcription factor in cells and plays an essential role in the lysosome and autophagy-related processes. The expression of various autophagic genes and the synthesis of lysosomes are associated with TFEB and play an important role in the occurrence and development of various diseases. The formation of autophagolysosomes is regulated by the phosphorylation of TFEB, which is mainly located in the cytoplasm. When cardiomyocytes are under hypoxic or ischemic stress, ROS generation can lead to the activation of TFEB and the activation of transcriptional levels, the formation of autophagy-lysosomes, and the regulation of TFEB phosphorylation and transcription can also affect mitochondrial autophagy. The regulation of phagocytosis maintains the homeostasis of the intracellular environment under certain conditions.