PM2.5 Exposure and Asthma Development: The Key Role of Oxidative Stress

Table 1

The effects of traditional Chinese medicine on asthma.

Categories	Monomers	Animal species	Related signaling pathway	References
Polyphenols	Curcumin	BALB/c mice	MAPK/NF-κB↓	[123]
	Zingerone	BALB/c mice	AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1↑	[119]
	Resveratrol	Sprague Dawley rats	HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB↓	[124]
	Resveratrol	Sprague Dawley rats	Keap-1/Nrf2↑	[125]
	Luteolin	BALB/c mice	PI3K/Akt/mTOR↑	[126]
	Quercetin	BALB/c mice	GATA-3↓ and T-bet↑	[127]
Flavonoids	Diosmetin	BALB/c mice	MMP-9, TGF-β1, VEGF↓	[128]
	Galangin	BALB/c mice	TGF-β1-ROS-MAPK↓	[129]
	Icariin	Sprague Dawley rats	GATA-3↓ and T-bet↑; NF-κB↓	[120]
Alkaloids	Ginsenoside Rh1	BALB/c mice	Eotaxin, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33↓; IL-12 and IFN-γ↑	[130]
	Ligustrazine	C57BL/6J mice	GATA-3↓ and T-bet↑; RORγt↓	[131]
	Matrine	BALB/c mice	NF-κB↓	[122]
Terpenoids	Andrographolide	BALB/c mice	NF-κB↓	[132]
Anthraquinones	Emodin	Sprague Dawley rats	NF-κB↓	[133]
Diterpene quinones	Cryptotanshinone	BALB/c mice	p38 MAPK and NF-κB↓	[134]
Iridoids	Catalpol	BALB/c mice	TGF-β1 and EGF↓	[135]