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MQC-targeted agent | Molecular action | Key findings | Experimental objectives | References |
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Mitochondrial dynamics | | | | |
Klotho | Downregulator of DRP1 | Alleviated mitochondrial fission and apoptosis | In vivo | [194] |
Luteolin | Dephosphorylation of Drp1 Ser616 | Inhibited mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress | In vitro/in vivo | [195] |
miRNA-532-3p | Targeting apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain | Attenuated cardiomyocyte mitochondrial fission and apoptosis | In vivo | [107] |
Shenmai injection | AMPK & PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway | Alleviated mitochondrial fragmentation and oxidative stress | In vitro/in vivo | [103] |
Resveratrol | Activator of Mfn-1 and -2 | Prevented left ventricular (LV) remodeling and reduced mitochondrial fragmentation | In vivo | [196] |
LCZ696 | Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi) | Attenuated Drp1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction | In vitro/in vivo | [197] |
Mdivi-1 | Mitochondrial division inhibitor | Inhibited mitochondrial fission | In vitro/in vivo | [98] |
Melatonin | PGC1-α and SIRT1 modulator | Decreased cell death and mitochondrial fission | In vitro/in vivo | [198] |
Ciclosporin A | Inhibitor of mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation | Attenuated mitochondrial fragmentation and partially restored mitochondrial bioenergetics | In vivo | [100] |
Honokiol | Activator of Sirtuin-3 | Promoted mitochondrial fusion | In vitro/in vivo | [199] |
Metformin | Activator of AMPK | Improved mitochondrial dynamics balance, biogenesis, and bioenergetics | In vitro/in vivo | [200, 201] |
Mitophagy | | | | |
Heme oxygenase-1 | A novel cardioprotective inducible enzyme | Rescued the changes in mitophagy mediators PINK1 and parkin | In vivo | [135] |
Donepezil | Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor | Attenuated mitophagy, autophagy, and cardiomyocyte death | In vivo | [202] |
Liensinine | A novel mitophagy inhibitor | Inhibited mitophagy and mitochondrial fragmentation | In vivo | [57] |
Oseltamivir | Neuraminidase1 inhibitor | Inhibited the expression of Drp1 and PINK1 stabilization on mitochondria, attenuating excessive mitochondrial fission and mitophagy | In vivo | [203] |
miRNA-22 knockout | SIRT-1/PGC-1α pathway | Alleviated mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis | In vitro/in vivo | [131] |
Mitochondrial biogenesis | | | | |
CO/HO | Activator of Akt1/PKB and guanylate cyclase | Promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and alleviated apoptosis | In vitro/in vivo | [204] |
Kirenol | Activator of PI3K/AKT and Nrf2 pathway | Rescued mitochondrial biogenesis and suppressed caspase-dependent apoptosis | In vitro | [205] |
Nerolidol | Activator of Nrf2/MAPK signaling pathway | Mitigated oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis | In vivo | [206] |
Cyclovirobuxine D | Activator of PGC-1α/Nrf1 signaling pathway | Suppressed oxidative damage and mitochondrial biogenesis | In vivo | [207] |
Metallothionein | Activator of PGC-1α/TFAM axis | Preserved mitochondrial biogenesis and MnSOD expression | In vivo | [208] |
Yellow wine polyphenolic compounds (YWPC) | Nrf2/TGF-β/smad3 pathway | Mitigated oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cardiac apoptosis | In vivo | [209] |
Cannabidiol | Nonpsychoactive constituent of marijuana | Rescued the Dox-induced cardiac mitochondrial function and biogenesis impairment | In vivo | [210] |
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