Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates Oxidative Stress-Induced Intestinal Epithelium Barrier Injury and Mitochondrial Damage through AMPK-Mitophagy Pathway

Figure 6

Effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) on oxidative stress, intestinal epithelium barrier, and mitophagy of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) after inhibiting mitophagy or AMPK. (a–c) Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of IPEC-J2 treated with Mdivi-1 or Compound C (CC). (d) Cellular mitochondrial membrane potential quantification by flow cytometry. (e) Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level quantification by flow cytometry. (f) Intestinal epithelial transepithelial resistance (TER) and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran 4 kDa (FD4) permeability. (g) Protein expression and quantification of tight junction Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1. indicates a significant difference compared with the control group (); # indicates a significant difference compared with the H2O2 group (); & indicates a significant difference compared with the NaB+H2O2 group ().

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)