Cardiac Fibroblasts Promote Ferroptosis in Atrial Fibrillation by Secreting Exo-miR-23a-3p Targeting SLC7A11

Figure 2

Canines electrophysiological examination by programmed stimulation and the expression of ion channel. (a) Canines electrocardiogram during programmed stimulation. In Sham group, the state at which atrial fibrillation (AF) was not reached. In Pacing group, the state at which AF was reached and the AF sustained more than 5 seconds. Compared with Pacing group, AF susceptibility attenuated by GW4869 injection because most irregular rhythm shortens than 5 seconds. (b) Effective refractory period of different parts of the atrium. GW4869 increased the ERP of RSPV and LIPV in Pacing group. ( =6). (c) Difference in AF inducibility, shown by the number of episodes. ( =6). (d) Difference in mean AF durations. ( =6). (e, f) Representative gel bands depicting KCa3.1 and Cav1.2 protein expression using specific antibodies. GAPDH was used as the loading control. ( =5). (g) Total iron level in atrial tissue. ( =3). (h) MDA level in atrial tissue. ( =3). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Dunnett test. , , and vs. Sham group; , , and vs. Pacing group. Abbreviations: RA: right atrium; RSPV: right superior pulmonary vein; RIPV: right inferior pulmonary vein; LA: left atrium; LSPV: left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV: left inferior pulmonary vein; dERP: dispersion effective refractory period.

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