Chitosan Oligosaccharides Alleviate H₂O₂-stimulated Granulosa Cell Damage via HIF-1α Signaling Pathway

Figure 9

COS attenuated oxidative and inflammatory injury in H₂O₂-stimulated KGN cells. The protective effects of COS were manifested in inactivating the HIF-1α-VEGF signaling pathway, attenuating OS, decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines, and improving mitochondrial damage caused by H₂O₂ in KGN cells.