(–)-Epicatechin Alters Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Production Independent of Mitochondrial Respiration in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells

<div>Schematic of the potential mechanisms by which EPI exerts its biological effects in vascular endothelial cells. Solid arrows/lines signify EPI’s mode of action demonstrated in this study. Dashed arrows represent the potential activity of EPI not examined in this study but reported previously.</div>

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Figure 6

Figure 6: (–)-Epicatechin Alters Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Production Independent of Mitochondrial Respiration in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells 

Figure 6 | (–)-Epicatechin Alters Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Production Independent of Mitochondrial Respiration in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells 