[Retracted] Metformin Ameliorates Senescence of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Attenuates Osteoarthritis Progression via the AMPK-Dependent Autophagy Pathway

Figure 3

Metformin attenuated H₂O₂-induced ADSC senescence. (a) ADSCs were treated with H₂O₂ (50–400 μM) for 2 h, and cell viability was measured by the CCK-8 assay. The results are presented as (). Using one-way ANOVA, and vs. control group. (b) ADSCs were pretreated with metformin at the indicated concentrations for 24 h and then incubated with or without 200 μM H₂O₂ for further 2 h. Cell viability was measured by the CCK-8 assay. The results are presented as (). Using one-way ANOVA, and vs. H₂O₂ group. (c) Micrographs of representative cellular senescence were analyzed by SA-β-Gal staining, and the quantitation is shown on the right (scale  μm). The results are presented as (). Using one-way ANOVA, . (d) Protein expression of p21 and p16 was assessed by western blotting (left) and quantitation (right). Data are presented as of at least three separate experiments. Using one-way ANOVA, vs. control group, ^# vs. H₂O₂ group, and ^& and ^&& vs. “MET+H₂O₂” group.

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