[Retracted] Metformin Ameliorates Senescence of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Attenuates Osteoarthritis Progression via the AMPK-Dependent Autophagy Pathway

Figure 5

Metformin attenuated H₂O₂-induced senescence of ADSCs by activating autophagy. (a) Autophagic corpuscle was detected by transmission electron microscopy. Red arrows indicate the formation of autophagic vacuoles. Scale  nm. (b) ADSCs were treated with different concentrations of metformin for 24 h, and the protein expression of Beclin-1 and LC3B-II/LC3B-I was assessed by western blotting (left) and quantitation (right). (c) The level of autophagy-related protein Beclin-1 and LC3B-II/LC3B-I was assessed by western blot (left) and quantitation (right). Data are presented as of at least three separate experiments. Using one-way ANOVA, , , and vs. control group, ^# vs. H₂O₂ group, and ^& and ^&& vs. “MET+H₂O₂” group.

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