Long Noncoding RNAs and Circular RNAs in the Metabolic Reprogramming of Lung Cancer: Functions, Mechanisms, and Clinical Potential

Figure 1

Important long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate lung cancer metabolism by targeting key enzymes and protein mRNAs. α-KG: α-ketoglutarate; 2PG: 2-phosphoglycerate; ACC1: acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1; ENO1: α-enolase; FAS: fatty acid synthase; GLUT 1: glucose transporter member 1; GLUT 3: glucose transporter member 3; GOT1: glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1; GOT2: glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2; HIF-1α: hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha; HK2: hexokinase 2; HK: hexokinase; HMGCR: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA; LCFAs: long chain fatty acids; LDHA: lactate dehydrogenase A; LDHB: lactate dehydrogenase B; ox-LDL: oxidative low-density lipoprotein; PC: pyruvate carboxylase; PEP: phosphoenolpyruvate; PKM2: pyruvate kinase 2; SALL4: Sal-like protein 4; SLC1A5: glutamine transporter solute carrier family A1 member 5; SLC7A5: glutamine transporter solute carrier family A7 member 5.