Long Noncoding RNAs and Circular RNAs in the Metabolic Reprogramming of Lung Cancer: Functions, Mechanisms, and Clinical Potential

Table 2

Summary of lncRNAs and circRNAs involved in the metabolic reprogramming of LC as potential diagnostic or/and prognostic biomarkers.

lncRNA/circRNA	Deregulation	Detection method	Sample type and the number of samples	Survival analysis and the number of patients enrolled	Survival outcomes correlated with the expression	Clinical characteristics associated with the expression	Biomarker category	Reference
DUXAP8	↑	RT-qPCR	LC tissues; 66	OS; 66	Poor survival outcome	TNM stage, LNM	Diagnosis/prognosis	[22]
IGFBP4-1	↑	RT-qPCR	LC tissues; 159	—	—	TNM stage	Diagnosis	[23]
BCYRN1	↑	RT-qPCR	LC tissues; 20	—	—	—	Diagnosis	[25]
CRYBG3	↑	RT-qPCR	LC tissues; 23	—	—	Distant metastasis	Diagnosis	[28]
LINC00243	↑	RT-qPCR	LC tissues; 59 from TCGA database and 70 from the patients enrolled	OS; 70	Poor survival outcome	—	Diagnosis/prognosis	[34]
AC020978	↑	FISH, RT-qPCR	LC tissues; 92(FISH), 16(RT-qPCR)	OS; 92	Poor survival outcome	TNM stage, LNM, tumor size	Diagnosis/prognosis	[26]
LINC01123	↑	RNA-seq, FISH, RT-qPCR	NSCLC tissues; 3 (RNA-seq), 92 (FISH), and 16 (RT-qPCR)	OS; 92	Poor survival outcome	TNM stage, T stage, LNM	Diagnosis/prognosis	[31]
HOXA11-AS	↑	RT-qPCR	LC tissues; 40	OS; 40	Poor survival outcome	TNM stage, tumor size, LNM	Diagnosis/prognosis	[33]
ABHD11-AS1	↑	RT-qPCR	LC tissues; 40	OS; exact number not mentioned	Poor survival outcome	TNM stage	Diagnosis/prognosis	[35]
AL355338	↑	FISH, RT-qPCR	LC tissues; 80 (RT-qPCR)	OS; 80	Poor survival outcome	TNM stage, T stage, LNM, distant metastasis	Diagnosis/prognosis	[36]
HOTAIRM1	↑	RT-qPCR	NSCLC tissues (exact number not mentioned)	—	—	—	Diagnosis	[37]
LINC01537	↓	RNA-seq	LC tissues; 8	Prognostic score in the TCGA LC cohort	Better survival outcome	—	Prognosis	[38]
ARHGAP10	↑	FISH	LC tissues; 92	OS; exact number not mentioned	Poor survival outcome	—	Prognosis	[19]
circMYLK	↑	RT-qPCR	LC tissues; 103	OS; 103	Poor survival outcome	TNM stage, tumor size	Diagnosis/prognosis	[20]
circ_0008928	↑	RT-qPCR	Serum exosomes; 28 from cisplatin-sensitive NSCLC patients and 19 from cisplatin-resistant NSCLC patients	—	—	—	Diagnosis	[21]
circMAGI3	↑	RT-qPCR	LC tissues; 30	OS; exact number not mentioned	Poor survival outcome	TNM stage	Diagnosis/prognosis	[24]
circAGFG1	↑	RT-qPCR	NSCLC tissues and corresponding serum samples; 45	OS; 45	Poor survival outcome	—	Diagnosis/prognosis	[29]
circSLC25A16	↑	RT-qPCR	NSCLC tissues; 40	OS; exact number not mentioned	Poor survival outcome	TNM stage	Diagnosis/prognosis	[30]
circ-MEMO1	↑	RT-qPCR	NSCLC tissues; 52	OS; 52	Poor survival outcome	Clinical stage, LNM	Diagnosis/prognosis	[32]
circDCUN1D4	↓	ISH	NSCLC tissues; 92	OS; exact number not mentioned	Better survival outcome	TNM stage	Diagnosis/prognosis	[39]
circ-ERBB2	↑	RT-qPCR	LC tissues; 31	—	—	—	Diagnosis	[40]
circTADA2A	↑	RT-qPCR	LC tissues; 30	—	—	—	Diagnosis	[41]
circ-PGC	↑	RT-qPCR	NSCLC tissues; 33	OS; exact number not mentioned	Poor survival outcome	TNM stage, tumor size, LNM	Diagnosis/prognosis	[42]
circPUM1	↑	RT-qPCR	NSCLC tissues; 62	OS; 62	Poor survival outcome	TNM stage	Diagnosis/prognosis	[43]
circ_0000517	↑	RT-qPCR	NSCLC tissues; 60	OS; 60	Poor survival outcome	TNM stage, LNM	Diagnosis/prognosis	[44]
circ-PITX1	↑	RT-qPCR	NSCLC tissues; 41	—	—	—	Diagnosis	[45]
circ_0006677	↓	RT-qPCR	NSCLC tissues; 88	OS; 88	Better survival outcome	TNM stage, tumor size, LNM	Diagnosis/prognosis	[46]
circNFIX	↑	RT-qPCR	NSCLC tissues; 55	OS; 55	Poor survival outcome	TNM stage, distant metastasis	Diagnosis/prognosis	[47]
circ-ENO1	↑	RT-qPCR	LC tissues; 64	—	—	—	Diagnosis	[48]
CTD-2245E15.3	↑	RT-qPCR	NSCLC tissues from TCGA database; 535	—	—	—	Diagnosis	[49]
CCAT1	↑	ISH, RT-qPCR	LC tissues; 10	OS/DFS, 504	Poor survival outcome	Clinical stage	Diagnosis/prognosis	[50]
circ-LDLRAD3	↑	RT-qPCR	NSCLC tissues; 60	—	—	TNM stage; LNM	Diagnosis	[52]
MINCR	↑	RT-qPCR	NSCLC tissues; 35	OS; exact number not mentioned	Poor survival outcome	—	Diagnosis/prognosis	[53]
lncRNA-PVT1-5	↑	RT-qPCR	LC tissues; 80	—	—	—	Diagnosis	[51]
circ_0003028	↑	RT-qPCR	NSCLC tissues; 53	—	—	—	Diagnosis	[55]