Mitophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury: A New Target for Therapeutic Intervention

Table 1

Summary of therapeutic development targeting mitophagy in TBI.

Methods or compounds	Time	Effect on mitophagy	Doses	Action site	Function in TBI	Reference
Resolvin D1	2020	Activate	15 μg/kg	Inflammation	Ameliorate brain oedema and cognitive impairment, suppress neuroinflammation and neuronal loss，eliminate extra mitoROS, improve the supportive function of astrocytes	[29]
IL-10	2019	Activate	Overexpress	Inflammation	Inhibit inflammatory response, reduce neuronal degeneration and death	[53]
Pifithrin-μ; Pifithrin-α	2019	Mitigate	2 mg/kg	Inflammation	Ameliorate neurological functional deficits, attenuate neuroinflammation, attenuate oxidative stress	[54]
Rapamycin	2019	Activate	3 mg/kg	Inflammation; Cell death	Attenuate neuroinflammation, mitochondrial damage, demonstrate neuroprotective effects, inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome	[55]
Melatonin	2016	Activate	5 ml/kg	Inflammation	Repress inflammation, ameliorate neuronal death and behavioral deficits, dampen the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines	[56]
Rapamycin	2016	Activate	/	Oxidative stress	Alleviate TBI-induced intestinal mucosa damage and epithelial barrier dysfunction	[60]
Mdivi-1	2017	Suppress	3 mg/kg	Oxidative stress; Cell death	Alleviate loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS production, ATP reduction, blood-brain barrier disruption and cell death	[27]
Mdivi-1	2018	Suppress	1 mg/kg	Oxidative stress; Cell death	Aggravate neurological manifestations and neuronal apoptosis	[64]
DCTEIO	2020	Activate	40 mM aqueous solutions	Oxidative stress	Scavenge ROS, improve tissue repair and preserve neurological function	[66]
Triiodothyronine	2020	Activate	20 μg/100 g	Oxidative stress; Cell death	Reduce ROS production, prevent neuronal death, induce neurogenesis and neuroprotection	[30]
Cardiolipin siRNA	2019	Activate	30 nmol	Cell death	Induce endogenous neuroprotection, limit neuronal apoptosis and behavioral deficits	[11]