The TBX1/miR-193a-3p/TGF-β2 Axis Mediates CHD by Promoting Ferroptosis

Figure 8

Schematic of the working mechanisms by which the TBX1/miR-193a-3p/TGF-β2 signalling axis participates in CHD progression by promoting ferroptosis. In H9c2 cells, the TBX1/miR-193a-3p/TGF-β2 signalling axis inhibits the expression of NRF2, GPX4, and HO-1, thereby increasing the lipid ROS levels and Fe²⁺ concentrations to induce ferroptosis. In addition, the TBX1/miR-193a-3p/TGF-β2 signalling axis induces ferroptosis by upregulating the expression of NOX4 and ACSL4. The upregulated expression of NOX4 and ACSL4 can increase the mitochondrial ROS levels and lipid ROS levels.