The Imbalance of Mitochondrial Homeostasis of Peripheral Blood-Derived Macrophages Mediated by MAFLD May Impair the Walking Ability of Elderly Patients with Osteopenia

Figure 4

The proportion of peripheral blood-derived macrophages differed between OPe and OPe with MAFLD patients. (a) FCA is performed to compare the M1-like and M2-like monocytes in PBMCs among SO, OPe with MAFLD, and OPe patients. (b) Linear regression analysis showing the relationship between M1-like/M2-like monocytes ratio and bone density-related parameters (neck BMD and total BMD). (c) The validation of fatty liver cell model based on HepG2 cells by Nile red. (d) The proportion of M1 and M2 and M1-M2 ratio is detected by FCA after inducing M0 by conditional media and the supernatant of HepG2 fatty liver model. (e) The protein level of TLR4 and Myd88 in THP-1 induced by PMA and CD14 + momocytes in human peripheral blood are detected by WB. Bars, means SE; , ; , ; , , , . Abbreviations: FCA: flow cytometric analysis; PBMC: peripheral blood monocytes cell; SO: severe osteoporosis; OPe: osteopenia; MAFLD: metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; BMD: bone mineral density; THP-1: human myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells; HepG2: human hepatocellular carcinoma cells; TLR4: toll-like receptor 4; PMA: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; PA + OA: palmitic acid and oleic acid.

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