Orcinol Glucoside Improves Senile Osteoporosis through Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Autophagy of Osteoclast via Activating Nrf2/Keap1 and mTOR Signaling Pathway

Figure 1

Orcinol glucoside (OG) attenuates bone loss in SAMP6 mice. (a) Representative 3D micro-CT images of the distal femoral trabecular bone microarchitecture; (b) bone mineral density (BMD); (c) bone surface to bone volume (BS/BV); (d) bone surface to tissue volume (BS/TV); (e) bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV); (f) trabecular thickness (Tb. Th); (g) trabecular separation (Tb. Sp); (h) trabecular number (Tb. N); (i) structure model index (SMI); (j) connectivity density; (k) serum CTX-1 levels were determined by ELISA; (l, m) urine Ca²⁺ and DPD levels were measured by biochemical kits. CON: control group, SAMR1 mice treated with 0.5%CMC-Na; MOD: model group, SAMP6 mice treated with 0.5%CMC-Na; NAC: SAMP6 mice treated with NAC (100 mg/kg); OG-50: SAMP6 mice treated with OG (50 mg/kg); OG-100: SAMP6 mice treated with OG (100 mg/kg). The data are expressed as (). ^#, ^## vs. control group. , vs. model group.

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