G-Protein Coupled Receptor 35 Induces Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Mediating the Influx of Calcium Ions and Upregulating Reactive Oxygen Species

Figure 4

GPR35 induces influx of Ca²⁺ and upregulation of ROS under mechanical stress. (a) FCM of DCFH-DA for ROS suggests the level of ROS significantly increased in NPCs with increase of compression in a time-dependent manner. (b) Inhibition of GPR35 significantly reduced the expression of ROS induced by mechanical stress. (c) FCM results show that influx of Ca²⁺ significantly increased in a time-dependent manner under mechanical compression. (d) Influx of Ca²⁺ was inhibited when GPR35 was knocked down using siRNA. (e) Activation of GPR35 by zaprinst significantly induced the influx of Ca²⁺ in NPCs. (The data are shown as the . , , and for comparisons between two groups. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test were used for statistical analysis among three groups. Student’s -test was used for statistical analysis between two groups).

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